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In traditional systems of banks, the booking process requires the client to be in the same place, the client withdraws a numbered paper from an electronic device and then sits in the waiting area until his/her number appears on the screen. However, these systems may cause many problems such as wasting clients' time, overcrowding in the waiting area, slow workflow, etc. In this paper, a smart appointment booking system is developed to solve the problems of traditional booking systems of banks and achieve social distancing. The proposed system applies Quick Response (QR) code, Global Positioning System (GPS), and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technologies to improve workflow and achieve social distancing in banks. The proposed system is developed on two sides. On the client-side, a mobile application is developed, a QR is generated for the user, which contains booking information, and GPS is used to determine the location of the client as it is only possible to book if he/she is within 100 meters from the bank. Due to the restrictions imposed caused by the spread of COVID-19, BLE technology works to ensure social distancing between clients. On the employee side, a website is created to enable the employee to deal with the client. The proposed system is expected to reduce problems related to traditional systems, gain client satisfaction, facilitate workflow for employees, and contribute to reduce the spread of COVID-19. © 2023 NSP Natural Sciences Publishing Cor.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted hospitality and restaurant business enterprises across the globe by disrupting the entire ecosystem of the industry. Shutdowns and temporary closure decisions were necessary, as the primary focus for governments and their agencies is the safety of their people. Recently, restrictions have been eased and vaccines have been developed, despite this, strict measures are still intact. The important question, then, is what are the factors that can convince consumers to adjust and/or restore confidence in consumers to go back to dining in restaurants under the "new normal” banner. To provide preliminary insights, this paper investigates the impact of consumers with fresh mind-sets, restaurant hygiene, and QR code menu usage on intention to re-dine by building on reinforcement theory. Structural equation modeling technique was applied on survey data obtained from consumers who dined in luxury restaurants (n = 569) across multiple cities in Jordan. Results from the analyses illustrate that consumer fresh mind-sets, restaurant hygiene, and QR code menu usage are important predictors for consumer intention to re-dine in Jordanian eateries and restaurants. This research advances our knowledge on consumers' preferences and behaviors to dine in the post-Covid-19 era. It also makes an incremental contribution to the reinforcement of theoretical assumptions. Implications for theory and practice are prescribed for the concerned stakeholders. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Foodservice Business Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Aims: To review published literature on the use of quick response (QR) codes within medical and cardiology settings. Methods and Results: Medline, Scopus Search, and Cochrane Library were used to conduct the research. Title and abstract review of 376 publications were performed. Papers that discussed the application of QR codes in medical setting were included. A total of 151 articles were reviewed and thematic analysis conducted to understand how QR codes are currently used in the medical setting, the medical areas in which they are mostly used, their applications in the cardiovascular area. The analysis of 151 articles revealed that QR code technology is mainly used in the medical field to: (i) collect data via survey, (ii) educate medical staff or students, and (iii) provide information about therapies or surgery. The medical area in which QR codes are most used is the clinical one, but only 3.3% of publications concern cardiovascular settings. A third of the QR code-related articles of 2020 is about Covid-19. Conclusions: Different uses of QR codes in a medical setting are increasing. Quick response codes might represent an easy and convenient digital tool to collect data and implement telemedicine programs on a large scale involving also the cardiovascular setting.
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One of many challenges created by COVID-19 pandemic is to reduce need of contact. Quick Response (QR) codes offered a readily available solution to this challenge with offer to support contact less processes. Wide adaption of smart mobile devices like smart phones and tablets and huge number of mobile applications available in the respective application stores, which support QR code scanning acted as a catalyst in rapid adaption of QR codes to support contact less processes. Support of QR code-based processing rapidly increased during the pandemic, penetrated all processes like sales and marketing, authentication, and digital payments to name some. On one hand, this served the cause in terms of reducing contact, on other hand, factors like rapid adaption and using it in smart mobile devices, which are existing to cater to the larger purpose of human usage, scanning QR codes was not in that list to start with is bringing in the series of security issues which can arise starting from the human factor, software, misuse and hacking factors. This paper focuses on the QR code processes, differences in terms of security while using a smart device for QR codes when compared to the rugged device-based barcode scanners, the kind of security issues such process can encounter while using smart devises for QR code scanning, factors that must be considered by the applications development as well as the consumers of such functionality and the way to ensure security of consumers of such functionality. © 2022 IEEE.
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Compliance with biosecurity protocols and the restrictions imposed by the state are important to prevent the resurgence of the COVID-19 virus. Towards this end, this study aimed to design an automatic identity detection and disinfection system to guarantee compliance with the regulations established by the Peruvian government. This design consists of a QR code-decoding device integrated into a database updated by the country's health sector. The graphical interface of the project was programmed in LabVIEW software based on the QMH architecture. The results showed that an approximate reading, obtained using QR codes, was displayed through the interactive graphical interface. Therefore, the system can detect the entrance of a person to an establishment objectively. © 2022 Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions. All rights reserved.
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As a public health emergency, the COVID-19 has led to a devastating consequence, such as casualties and property losses on a global scale. Since February 2020, in order to prevent the spread of the epidemic as well as to promote the resumption of work and production, governments at all levels across China successively decided to take action and introduce the Health QR (quick response) Code Policy. What is known is that the Health QR Code Policy has become an important means and practice for effectively preventing and controlling the disastrous epidemic in China up to now. Based on the Event History Analysis (EHA) of the diffusion time and influencing factors of 295 cities at and above the prefecture level in China, this paper explores the spatio-temporal process and mechanism of the rapid policy implementation in tackling the pandemic across China, what is worth paying attention to is that the policy was first initiated and adopted by a provincial government. The findings are as follows: (1) The cities with higher digitization and economic strength would have a faster response to adopt the Health QR Code Policy. (2) What is worth considering is that the "learning" and "competition" behaviors among governments of neighboring cities would speed up the diffusion of the Health QR Code Policy, while the vertical guidance pressure of provincial governments did not play a significant role. (3) During the COVID-19, policy entrepreneurs have played a significant role in public emergency and become a powerful force that can accelerate the diffusion of Health QR Code Policy. (4) The epidemic situation of each city would affect the transmission rate of the Health QR Code Policy. There is no doubt that the geographical distance from the epidemic hotspots would also affect the governments to adopt the Health QR Code Policy in a short period. This paper, by analyzing the diffusion motivations of the Health QR Code Policy during the COVID-19 pandemic, could provide a predominant summary of experience and policy suggestions for understanding the formulation of emergency policies as well as the diffusion mechanism in the context of public crisis. © 2022, Science Press. All rights reserved.
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Historically, information such as protocols and treatment pathways from specialist teams were shared with ward staff in paper format which proved cumbersome and difficult to update. Improvements were made with the addition of an intranet site, where protocols could be stored and accessed by clinical staff, however it was recognised that navigating the intranet site was not always straightforward and took up precious nursing time. The tissue viability team at the Royal United Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (RUH) considered how such information might be made more readily available to clinicians. Inspired by widespread increased use of QR codes in public places during the COVID-19 pandemic, the team produced a poster containing multiple QR codes, enabling clinical staff to have instant access to wound care protocols as soon as the information was needed.Copyright © 2023, OmniaMed Communications Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Introduction In the world economy, QR codes became very popular, and their prominence is expanding rapidly. The QR-codes look a bit like barcodes, but are made up of square patterns. As businesses are increasingly embracing these technologies, QR codes are becoming more popular, QR code readers are being integrated into smartphones. Apple released iOS 11 to search QR codes using the smartphone camera back in 2017 which is now a game-changing marketing strategy for businesses and retailers. Objective: The objective of the paper is to conduct an extensive theoretical review on the growth of QR codes in the digital era and QR codes' reach as contactless payment solutions. Methodology: A bibliometric review by refereeing quality articles published in highly ranked journal. Conclusion: When the QR code reader was integrated into the new Android smartphone camera, it proved to be a key differentiator. Following the global COVID-19 contagion, there has been a nudge for contactless activities and remote resource allocation, such as online work, payments and online classes among others. QR-codes have seen a spectacular increase in usage across all aspects of life. © 2022 The authors.
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COVID-19 pandemic has made an enormous change in various aspects of society. One of it, is limitation to number of people in public place and physical contact called social distancing. Supermarket is one of the places affected by social distancing to minimize the spread of the virus. Trolley is one of the tools that mainly available to ease shopping process in supermarket but also the one that mainly get direct physical contact during shopping process. Therefore, as the world adapts with this condition, it is needed to develop a smart trolley that can help minimizing the spread of COVID-19 by reducing direct physical contact without abandoning customer satisfaction while shopping in supermarket. This smart trolley will automatically follow a specific customer using position localization method based on QR code mapping. The localization was implemented using computer vision while customer-following movement command distribution was implemented using IoT. By using unique and specific QR code, it will prevent wrong customer detection and wrong position mapping thus making this a reliable tracking mechanism and a reliable autonomous customer following system. © 2022 IEEE.
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Due to the popularity of smartphones, cameras can be seen everywhere. QR codes are widely used daily, and their application is becoming more and more diverse, such as for warehouse management, electronic tickets, mobile payment, etc. As COVID-19 rapidly spread worldwide, people were forced to change their payment habits. Contactless systems, such as electronic tickets, became increasingly used to display information and avoid traditional queues. However, the standard QR code comprises black and white squares in monochrome images, which is not visually appealing. Yet, the easiest way to present a theme in a QR code is an image, which is more eye-catching and easier to understand than text. In this study, we devise an IS-QR method to integrate full-color images with QR codes by instance segmentation, using BlendMask to extract image feature regions and take Human Visual System into account. Discrete wavelet transform and contrast sensitivity were used to lessen the impact of reduced readability of QR codes during printing. Representative image visual quality measures, including PSNR, MSE, SSIM, FSIM, and GMSD, were used to measure the experimental results in order to validate the effectiveness of QR code beautification. The subjective quality evaluation is also performed. Finally, the measurement results indicate that the beautified QR codes generated by the method IS-QR designed in this study perform better than other related studies in terms of visualization and beautification.
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We live in an era, where ATMs can be used hundreds of times a day. With rising outbreaks like COVID-19 and many others, it can be one threatening source of spreading contagious diseases more rapidly. This paper proposes a new touchless ATM system, in which authentication can be done by scanning a generated QR code shown on the ATM screen through the bank’s mobile app instead of inserting one’s ATM card into the ATM. The ATM user gets verified by validating the device location and entering an OTP sent to their mobile device on scanning a QR code, after which they can withdraw or deposit cash, performing secure touchless transactions through the bank’s mobile app. This proposed system has been implemented, tested, and proven to fulfill the desired purpose, taking various security countermeasures into consideration. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Therefore, in different environments and places, we can use the network camera of the video surveillance system to detect whether people are wearing masks, and scan the OR code to obtain their information. Based on the collection and analysis of scene data by network cameras, this paper adopts a deep learning method, that is, the detection of mask wearing conditions can be realized through training on the face data of labeled masks, and this technology is combined with QR code recognition technology. It is also built into the network camera. In the current context, the research of this technology has very important value and significance for epidemic control during this period. Due to the outbreak of covid 19 in 2019, in order to prevent the epidemic, this article designed a network camera with a built in mask and QR code recognition function for video surveillance and access control system development. © 2022 IEEE.
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Purpose>The research purpose is to explore the diffusion of mobile QR-code payment (MQP) in a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) context by formulating a behavioral response model based on an integration between protection motivation theory (PMT) and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). This study also investigates the importance of physical distancing norm for behavioral intention toward MQP.Design/methodology/approach>A web-based survey was designed and data were accumulated from 411 validated respondents who have used MQP or tend to utilize it in Vietnam. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and AMOS to verify the hypotheses.Findings>Results illustrated that behavioral intention is motivated by key antecedents of PMT (including perceived severity, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy) and important factors of UTAUT (including performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence), and physical distancing norm. Moreover, perceived severity promotes performance expectancy, whereas self-efficacy boosts effort expectancy in MQP. Lastly, behavioral intention and recommendation were indicators of the diffusion of MQP under COVID-19.Practical implications>MQP is just in its infant stage in Vietnam;thus, the findings provide managerial implications, which will aid service providers and firms to adopt marketing strategies that enhance consumers' acceptability and recommendation of MQP to the public.Originality/value>Little is empirically considered the effects of perceived threat-related factors in PMT and physical distancing norm on behavioral intention toward MQP in a salient pandemic setting. Furthermore, the antecedents in UTAUT contribute greatly to behavioral intention. This study enlightens the diffusion of MQP based on behavioral intention and recommendation.
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BACKGROUND: QR codes have played an integral role during the pandemic in many sectors, but their use has been limited in the health care sector, especially by patients. Although some authors have stated that developing specific content for women on how to cope with health problems could be an effective way to prevent problems, especially during pandemics, there is little research regarding the use of QR codes to promote health during a pandemic, and even fewer studies are focused on women. Moreover, although the importance of assessing these interventions from the users' perspective has been stated, research carried out from this point of view is still scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the usefulness of using QR codes with information to promote women's health in the context of a pandemic. We also sought to design and validate a questionnaire to assess this. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among women in the gynecology waiting rooms of a reference hospital. Exploratory factorial analysis with the split-half method and Cronbach α values was performed for questionnaire validation. Univariant and bivariant analyses were performed to analyze the data obtained. RESULTS: In total, 186 women took part in the study. Exploratory factor analysis identified 2 domains: usability and applicability in medical practice. The Cronbach α value was .81. Overall, 83.7% of the answers to the first domain and 56.4% of those to the second were favorable. Women with university education or those who had used QR codes before scored better in the usability domain, while no differences were observed in the applicability scores. CONCLUSIONS: Using QR codes in the gynecology clinics' waiting rooms can help promote women's health during a pandemic, regardless of their education level or whether they have used QR codes before. The questionnaire developed herein is a helpful tool to assess this. These findings are important for clinical practice. This research can be performed in other ambits, specialties, or countries.
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How can the enforcement of policies in the past influence a society's future adoption of information communication technologies (ICTs)? In this paper, we tackle this question by exploring how past e-governance policies influence citizens' willingness to use the health QR code, which is a COVID-19 tracing app widely used in China's pandemic control. Past policies regarding smart-city development in China involve two aspects: the construction of electronic infrastructure and the applications of specific technologies. Empirical analysis based on a nationwide dataset in China suggests that past policies exhibit persuasive effects and influence citizens' acceptance of the health QR code. Specifically, e-governance applications in cities significantly enhance citizens' acceptance through the demonstration of their usefulness. However, the construction of e-governance infrastructure per se does not have the same impact on citizens' acceptance. By connecting citizens' acceptance of new technology with past e-governance policies, the study illustrates a nuanced policy feedback mechanism through which past policies can substantially reshape public opinion by policy outcomes.
¿Cómo puede la aplicación de políticas en el pasado influir en la futura adopción de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en una sociedad? En este documento, abordamos esta pregunta explorando cómo las políticas de gobierno electrónico anteriores influyen en la voluntad de los ciudadanos de usar el código QR de salud, que es una aplicación de rastreo de COVID19 ampliamente utilizada en el control de la pandemia en China. Las políticas anteriores con respecto al desarrollo de ciudades inteligentes en China involucran dos aspectos: la construcción de infraestructura electrónica y las aplicaciones de tecnologías específicas. El análisis empírico basado en un conjunto de datos a nivel nacional en China sugiere que las políticas anteriores exhiben efectos persuasivos e influyen en la aceptación del código QR de salud por parte de los ciudadanos. Específicamente, las aplicaciones de gobierno electrónico en las ciudades mejoran significativamente la aceptación de los ciudadanos a través de la demostración de su utilidad. Sin embargo, la construcción de infraestructura de gobierno electrónico per se no tiene el mismo impacto en la aceptación de los ciudadanos. Al conectar la aceptación de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de los ciudadanos con las políticas anteriores de gobierno electrónico, el estudio ilustra un mecanismo matizado de retroalimentación de políticas a través del cual las políticas anteriores pueden remodelar sustancialmente la opinión pública mediante los resultados de las políticas.
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Covid-19 pandemic that affects the whole world today. Local governments support all possible solutions to limit the exposure of its people to the disease. It promotes cashless and contactless transactions even in purchasing necessary goods. And since the government's strength comes from the revenues, refining the existing process is essential to survive this pandemic. The government imposes market tariffs to raise revenue, and many developing nations like the Philippines use taxes. In establishing trading hubs all over the country, the government also ensures income from market activities. Urdaneta City Bagsakan market is one of the biggest trading hubs of agricultural products in Northern Luzon. This study is about developing an automated tariff payment collection system for agricultural products like fruits and vegetables and livestock. It primarily aims to provide cashless and contactless transactions in collecting tariffs at Urdaneta City, Pangasinan. Currently, the collection of tariffs is still in manual collection and process. Reporting is done afterward by encoding the daily reports on a spreadsheet and is not always on time. It also includes a large amount of workforce to facilitate collection. Some anomalies always come up with the manual tariff payment, leading to the inaccuracy of reports affecting revenue. The system automates cash collection and produces reporting in real-time. It can also keep track of the list of traders that can facilitate the elimination of illegal trading. The system has two parts - (1) a mobile application to be used by traders, and (2) a cashiering system intended for market staff and administrators in the Bagsakan market. The mobile application for traders provides a contactless procedure of product valuation and tariff computation. It also has an electronic wallet to deliver a cashless transaction in tariff payment. The cashiering system for the market administrators for the following objectives: (1) provide support in loading the trader's app electronic wallet, (2) offer assistance to new trader's transactions, and (3) ensure valid transactions of tariff payment in trading hubs. © 2022 IADIS Press. All rights reserved.
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COVID-19 lockdowns affected educational programs. Online learning has suddenly become the main form of medical education. However, attendance enhances a student's competency and professionalism. Rising student numbers and the COVID-19 pandemic make in-class learning challenging. This study investigates medical students' perceptions of a recently implemented tool for recording attendance using a QR code that detects students' location while scanning. An online questionnaire was designed to collect responses. One hundred thirty-two students completed the survey. Students agreed that the method was usable, reliable, accurate, secure, and convenient. This method should be investigated as a standard tool for attendance recording. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01625-7.
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With the contactless payment feature, QR code mobile payment systems (MPS) has been increasingly popular among consumers, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. These systems enable consumers to shop from their mobile devices and complete payment transactions quickly. This research aims to explain the user acceptance of QR code MPS and identify the causal relationships between the factors affecting the acceptance. An extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was proposed to achieve this. The research data was obtained from 485 QR code MPS users in Turkey using an online survey. The remarkable findings of the research showed that the most crucial determinant of the intention to use (IU) is perceived trust (PT), followed by perceived compatibility (PC) and perceived usefulness (PU). Although some of the variables included in the current study were also included in some past studies, no study in the area of QR code mobile payment adoption includes all our variables. In addition, the proposed model explains 65 % of the variance in intention to use QR code MPS (a higher value than the past studies). Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will be useful in making inferences for countries with similar characteristics.
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The worldwide population is aging, even though more and more elderly people are living independently and alone. Moreover, pandemics such as COVID-19 are putting enormous pressure in health care systems all around the world. To deal with the growing elderly population and health care challenges, there is an emerging focus on technology and IT products. Technology such as mobile devices with their ever-increasing computational power, and differing sensors show immense usefulness for elderly as well as people with disability. This study proposes the development of 3D QR codes for improved safety, security, and customization of user interfaces. This study proposes multiple QR codes aligned together to create a QR cube (or QR cuboid) to store an increasing amount of information about the user. Individual QR codes will be compatible with existing systems. On the other hand, nearly, all individual information is stored with the user, enabling better privacy. Even with the development of future technologies, QR cubes can be used to access digital information. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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Today's world has been impacted by Covid-19 widely, and is moving towards a digitalized universe rapidly, wherein the future technologies that can play an important role in reviving the world cannot be forgotten. Nowadays, the use of Quick Response (QR) codes play an efficient role in a human's life, and id cards are always carried by a person since they are frequently required in his everyday life. The official documents being issued in the name of the person, or the records of his visit at various official places had to be kept handy for anytime use. So with this arising situation, a solution has been proposed serving two main vital goals: firstly, the person will be able to access all required documents only by scanning a single id card where the documents are being stored in a compressed format and represented in an augmented manner, and secondly, the person can easily maintain his visiting records with the help of a Unique Identity(UID) number provided to the users individually while registering. Thus, this paper attempts to promote the use of id digitalization in this futuristic world of technology. © 2022 IEEE.